ОксамитнаяД.А. Исследование «коллективного портрета» придворного периода правления Екатерины II с помощью просопографической базы данных // Исторический вестник. 2024. Т. L. С. 170–179.
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются особенности разработки и применения просопографичесой базы данных при исследовании части элиты периода правления Екатерины II, а именно придворных кавалеров императорского двора. Применение данного метода при работе с историческими источниками позволяет реконструировать «коллективный портрет» придворного кавалера, дает дополнительное представление о механизмах социальной мобильности и карьерного роста в среде высшей аристократии второй половины XVIII в., а также факторах, оказывавших наибольшее влияние на успешное или же неудачное развитие карьер. Полученная база данных позволяет проследить как общие тенденции в развитии биографий вельмож императорского двора, так и проанализировать отклоняющиеся от некоторого общего вектора развития карьерные траектории.
В статье описаны возникшие при составлении базы данных трудности в части математической обработки информации источников и примененные методы разрешения данных проблем. Собранная воедино, формализованная и структурированная с помощью базы данных информация различных источников может быть использована в дальнейших исследованиях российской аристократии XVIII в.
Ключевые слова:Екатерина II, придворные, императорский двор, XVIII в., аристократия, дворянство, просопография.
Оксамитная Дарья Александровна— соискатель учёной степени кандидата исторических наук, кафедра истории России средневековья и нового времени, исторический факультет Историко-архивного института, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет.
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Oksamitnaya D.A.Study of a Collective Portrait of Catherine’s the Great Courtiers by Means of a Prosopographical Database// Historical Reporter.2024.Vol.50P.170–179.
Abstract
Naval warfare in the Ottoman Empire was based largely on theuse of unfree labor, such as war captives and criminals in the early modern period. The need for oarsmen to maintain the military dominance at the coast and sea of the Eastern Mediterranean was enormous, especially during the navigating season in spring and summer. To attract, maintain and organize this labor force, all available means were used. Drawing on the registers of the Naval Arsenal, this article examines the issue of recruitment of criminals for the Ottoman Navy and the changing role of the Naval Arsenal around 1700. The convict registers of the Imperial Naval Arsenal in Istanbul document that in cases even a simple theft could result in a condemnation for hard labor on the galleys. Such cases suggest thatlaw enforcement was seen here as a convenient means of recruit naval workforce. Another important aspect is that with this practice the Ottoman state followed the tendency in north-western Europe since the seventeenth century to punish crimes and violations of the public order no longer with the physical destruction of the delinquent, but to place their labor in the service of the public.
Keywords:Catherine the Great, Courtiers, Imperial Court, XVIII Century, Aristocracy, Nobility, Prosopography.
Daria A. Oksamitnaya— C.Sc. (History) Degree Applicant, Department of Medieval and Modern Russian History, Moscow State Institute for History and Archives, Russian State University for the Humanities.
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