Горбатенко Я.В. Научные карьеры женщин-медиков в ленинградских высших учебных заведениях в 1920-е гг.: на примере Первого медицинского университета

Горбатенко Я. В. Научные карьеры женщин-медиков в ленинградских высших учебных заведениях в 1920-е гг.: на примере Первого медицинского университета // Исторический вестник. 2022. Т. XLII. С. 62–83.

Аннотация

В данной работе анализируется положение женщин, работавших в сфере высшего образования в 1920-е гг. Анализ сделан на примере научных кадров Первого Ленинградского медицинского института. Основной целью данной статьи является анализ путей женской эмансипации после Великой октябрьской революции 1917 г. и сравнение их академической карьеры с карьерами коллег-мужчин. Также в данном исследовании анализируется гендерная дискриминация в отношении женщин 1-го ЛМИ. Так как медицина была одной из первых научных областей, куда женщины смогли получить доступ, а 1-й ЛМИ стал первым официальным женским высшим учреждением в России, исследование дает возможность посмотреть на уникальный опыт построения женщинами академических карьер. Основными источниками стали справочники научных сотрудников, биографический словарь, статьи, исследующие биографии отдельных личностей, и не вводимый ранее источник – студенческие газеты 1-го ЛМИ. Методология анализа заключает в себе комбинацию статистического и просопографических методов и дискурс-анализ. По результатам исследования были сделаны выводы, что, несмотря на установление гендерного равенства в 1918 г., очень не многие женщины смогли успешно продвинуться по карьерной лестнице. Построение карьеры давалось женщинам сложнее, чем мужчинам. К тому же, как до, так и после революции, женщины подвергались гендерной дискриминации внутри института. Факт того, что женщины строили свою карьеру в изначально женском институте, не способствовал их более успешному карьерному росту.

Ключевые слова: женское высшее образование, гендерная дискриминация, эмансипация, медицина, научные кадры, академические карьеры.

Горбатенко Яна Валерьевна – аспирантка Высшей школы экономики в СПб., факультета «История».

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Gorbatenko Y. V. Academic Careers of Women at the Higher Medical Schools and Universities of Leningrad in the 1920s: on the example of the First Leningrad Medical Institute // Historical Reporter. 2022. Vol. 42. P. 62–83.

Abstract

This paper analyzes women, who worked in higher medical institutions in the 1920s. The analysis was based on data about personnel of the First Leningrad Medical Institute. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the paths of female emancipation after the Great October Revolution of 1917 and to compare their academic careers with those of their male colleagues. This study identifies gender discrimination against women in the First Leningrad Medical Institute. Medicine was one of the first scientific field to which women were able to gain access, and First Leningrad Medical Institute, was the first official institution giving women higher education in Russia. Therefore the study provides an opportunity to look at the unique experiences of women-pioneers building their academic careers in the Institute. The main sources were researcher directories, a biographical dictionary, articles, and a new source that was not used for such analysis before – the Institute’s student newspapers. The methodology of the analysis included a combination of statistical and prosopographic methods and, also, discourse analysis. The results of the study led to the conclusion that despite the establishment of gender equality by Bolsheviks, very few women were able to successfully advance in their careers. It wasmore difficult to build a career for women than for men. In addition, both before and after the revolution, women were subjected to gender discrimination within the institution. The fact that women built their careers in an inherently female institution did not contribute to their more successful careers.

Key words: women’s higher education, gender discrimination, emancipation, medicine, scientific personnel, academic careers.

Gorbatenko Yana V. – postgraduate student at the Department of History at the Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg.

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