Мишин Д.Е. Сасанидское завоевание Йемена
Мишин Д.Е. Сасанидское завоевание Йемена // Исторический вестник. 2025. Т. LI. С. 116–141.
Аннотация
Настоящая статья представляет собой попытку восстановления хода событий, связанных с сасанидским завоеванием Йемена при царе Хосрове I Ануширване (531–579). В исторической литературе эти события освещены мало; имеют место значительные расхождения между специалистами относительно датировки завоевания. На основании сравнительного анализа сведений византийских и мусульманских авторов картину событий можно восстановить следующим образом. Завоевание состоялось зимой 571/72 г. Сасанидским войском командовал высокопоставленный полководец, принадлежавший к Михранам, одному из родов высшей сасанидской знати, представители которого занимались в основном военными делами. В источниках нередко утверждается, что на завоевание Йемена был послан отряд в 800 человек. В действительности сасанидское войско было бόльшим по численности, а рассказы о нескольких сотнях бойцов относятся, скорее всего, к элитному подразделению, составленному из представителей сасанидской знати – āzādān. Сасанидское войско на кораблях достигло области Адена, где соединилось с арабскими и химьяритскими союзниками и сразилось с силами эфиопского правителя Йемена. Войско последнего, составленное из разнородных отрядов эфиопов, химьяритов и арабов, не обладало сплочённостью и потерпело поражение после его гибели.
Ключевые слова: арабы, доисламская Аравия, Сасаниды, Йемен.
Мишин Дмитрий Евгеньевич – кандидат исторических наук, Старший научный сотрудник Института востоковедения Российской Академии Наук. Москва, РФ.
AuthorID: 111810
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Mishin D.E. The Sassanid Conquest of Yemen // Historical Reporter. 2025. Vol. 51. P. 116–141.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to reconstruct the Sassanid conquest of Yemen under king Khusraw I Anushirwan (531 – 579). This subject enjoys little attention of scholars and furthermore there are divergences as to the conquest’s date. A comparative analysis of information yielded by Byzantine and Muslim sources, made here, makes it possible to reconstruct the events as follows. The conquest occurred in the winter of 571-572. The Sasanid army was led by a general belonging to the Mihrans, a family of the highest Sassanid aristocracy, whose members were mainly engaged in military matters. It is often stated in the sources that to conquer Yemen a small detachment of 800 warriors was dispatched. In reality, the Sassanid army was bigger and references to a troupe of less than one thousand man appear to be related to an elite detachment composed of noblemen called āzādān. By sea the Sasanid army arrived to the region of Aden where it was joined by Ḥimyarite and Arab allies and subsequently fought against the forces of the Ethiopian ruler of Yemen. The latter’s troops composed of Ethiopian, Ḥimyarite and Arab detachments lacked internal cohesion and was defeated following his death on the battlefield.
Keywords: Arabs, pre-Islamic Arabia, Sassanids, Yemen.
Dmitry E. Mishin – C.Sc. (History), Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow Russia.
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