Копоть Е.М. «Россия имеет в Сирии не маловажные интересы…»: четверть века на посту генерального консула в Бейруте К.Д. Петковича (1869–1896)
Копоть Е.М. «Россия имеет в Сирии не маловажные интересы…»: четверть века на посту генерального консула в Бейруте К.Д. Петковича (1869–1896) // Исторический вестник. 2023. Т. XLVI. Ч. 1. С. 130–169.
Kopot’ E.M. K.D. Petkovich: «Russia has significant interests in Syria…». Quarter of a century as the Consul General in Beyrouth (1869–1896) // Historical Reporter. 2023. Vol. 46. P. 1. P. 130–169.
Ключевые слова: К.Д. Петкович, С. Шахаде, Герасим (Яред), М.А. Черкасова, Большая Сирия, Антиохийский патриархат, православные арабы, Россия и Православный Восток.
Key words: K.D. Petkovich, S. Shahade, Gerasim (Yared), M.A. Cherkasova, Greater Syria, Patriarchate of Antioch, Orthodox Arabs, Russia and the Orthodox East.
Аннотация
В отечественной историографии К.Д. Петкович представлен как выдающийся дипломат и исследователь Ближнего Востока. Привлечение документов Российского государственного исторического архива, Архива внешней политики Российской империи, Российского государственного военно-исторического архива, Отдела рукописей РНБ, хронологически охватывающих весь период службы К.Д. Петковича в Бейруте (1869–1896), позволяет существенно дополнить эту характеристику, осветив основные проблемы российской консульской службы в Большой Сирии. К.Д. Петкович происходил из богатого болгарского рода, что предопределило его взгляд на греко-арабский конфликт. Он не имел востоковедной подготовки, но при этом за 27 лет пребывания на своем посту не проявил интереса к изучению арабского языка. На протяжении долгого времени К.Д. Петкович не посещал внутренние районы страны, проводя практически все время в Бейруте и Ливане. С течением времени генеральный консул полностью оказался в руках своих драгоманов из семьи Шахаде. Социальное положение действительного статского советника выражалось в надменном характере отношений к русским подданным и дистанцированию от местного населения. Дипломатическая деятельность К.Д. Петковича носила на себе отпечаток этнического и социального происхождения, а также была подвержена негативному влиянию института драгоманов.
Abstract
In Russian historiography K.D. Petkovich is presented as an outstanding diplomat and explorer of the Middle East. Involvement of The Russian State Historical Archive, The Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire, The Russian State Military Historical Archive, The Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Russia documents chronologically covering the entire K.D. Petkovich period of service in Beirut (1869-1896) whichmakes it possible to significantly supplement this characterization by highlighting the main problems of the Russian consular service in Greater Syria. K.D. Petkovich came from a wealthy Bulgarian family, which predetermined his view of the Greco-Arab conflict. He had no training in oriental studies, but at the same time, during his 27 years in office, he showed no interest in learning the Arabic language. For a long time K.D. Petkovich did not visit the interior of the country, spending almost all his time in Beirut and Lebanon. Over time, the Consul General found himself completely in the hands of his dragomans from the Shahade family. The social position of a real state councilor was expressed in the arrogant nature of relations with Russian subjects and distancing from the local population. K.D. Petkovich diplomatic activity bore the imprint of the ethnic and social origin, and was also subject to the negative influence of the institute of the dragomanate.
Копоть Евгений Михайлович — cтарший преподаватель Института истории и политики МПГУ, ФГБОУ ВО Московский педагогический государственный университет.
Evgeny M. Kopot’ — Senior Lecturer, Institute of History and Politics, Moscow Pedagogical State University (MPGU).
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