Е.М. Копоть. Российская военная разведка в Азиатской Турции и Сирии во второй половине XIX в.
Е.М. Копоть. Российская военная разведка в Азиатской Турции и Сирии во второй половине XIX в. // Исторический вестник. 2019. Т. ХXХ. С. 266—293. DOI: 10.35549/HR.2020.70.64.010
E.M. Kopot’. Russian Military Intelligence’ focus in the Arab-Ottoman world in the second half of the 19th C. [Rossijskaya voennaya razvedka v Aziatskoj Turcii i Sirii vo vtoroj polovine XIX v.]. Istoricheskij vestnik / Historical Reporter. Vol. 30. 2019. P. 266—293. DOI: 10.35549/HR.2020.70.64.010
Ключевые слова: военная разведка, политика населения, Сирия, православные арабы, Антиохийский патриархат.
Key words: Military Intelligence, Population Politics, Syria, the Orthodox Arabs, the Patriarchate of Antioch.
Abstract
Analyses of the materials of the Foreign Policy Archives of the Russian Empire and the Russian State Military-Historical Archive allows a reconstruction of the formation of the Russian Intelligence methodology of data gathering in Syria, as a possible battleground in 1870–1890. The Russian Caucasus Army Intelligence officers acted under cover of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire.
Despite the bureaucratic infighting between the War Ministry and the Foreign Ministry which often emerged into an open confrontation, the new philosophy of Scientism, rapidly spreading across the establishment, have helped to drive more rational political decisions both during war and peace times.
The article highlights the switch of the Military Intelligence’ focus. The accent shifted from exclusively military issues, to the issues of social ethnology and the search for Russia’s potential allies in the region. In Syria, the adherents of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch were seen as such.
Аннотация
Анализ материалов Архива внешней политики Российской империи и Российского государственного военно-исторического архива позволяет реконструировать становление российской военной разведки на курдо-сирийском театре военных действий в 1870-1890-х гг. Деятельность разведчиков Кавказского военного округа осуществлялась под прикрытием МИД российской империи. «Невидимая» аппаратная борьба военного министерства и внешнедипломатического ведомства нередко переходила в открытое противостояние, однако она не могла помешать распространению среди военно-дипломатического истеблишмента новой культуры сайентизма, которая должна была способствовать выработке рациональной политики населения как в военное, так и в мирное время. Статья посвящена малоизвестному сюжету трансформации внимания военной разведки от топографических исследований, наблюдению за комплектованием вооруженных сил Османской империи к изучению населения вероятного театра военных действий и поиску социальной опоры России в регионе в лице православных арабов антиохийского патриархата.
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