А.Л. Смышляев «Правление по-граждански» в представлении греческих писателей и в практике римской власти
A.L. Smyshlyayev «Dominatio Civilis» as imagined by Greek Writers and performed by Roman Authorities [Pravlenie po-grazhdanski v predstavlenii grecheskih pisatelej i v praktike rimskoj vlasti]. Istoricheskij vestnik / Historical Reporter. Vol. 19. 2019. P. 10–49.
Ключевые слова: Страбон, Аристотель, гражданственная тирания, Ранняя Римская империя, государственное управление, наместники провинций.
Key words: Strabo, Aristotle, Civil Tyranny, Early Roman Empire, Public Administration, Provincial Governors.
Abstract
The article focuses on the nature and specifics of the Roman administrative system during the Principate period: using an example of provincial government. Strabo wrote that the civil rule (πολιτικῶς ἄρχειν) was typical for Romans during that period. Tertullian defined the Roman system of government as «the civil dominance» (civilis dominatio). These definitions origin comes from the character of the Roman state, specifics of the Early Roman Empire state administration — «a state without bureaucracy». Its nucleus was a city of the Antiquity type (a polis), and the main element of state administration was the local urban self-administration. Roman emperors and province governors were unable to govern the state unless the local city elites voluntarily cooperated with them. Thus they performed a double function: they were both representatives of the supreme power and defenders and proponents of the polises and the polis system of values. This is clearly demonstrated by behaviour models and activity of the province governors at the time of the Early Empire (I–III century AD) who often acted like city magistrates and politicians.
Аннотация
Статья посвящена характеру и особенностям римской системы управления в эпоху Принципата на примере управления провинциями. Страбон писал о том, что для римлян характерно «правление по-граждански (πολιτικῶς ἄρχειν)). Тертуллиан называл римскую власть «гражданственным владычеством (civilis dominatio)».
Эти определения связаны как с характером Римской державы, так и с особенностями римского государственного управления в эпоху Ранней империи. Она представляла собой «государство без бюрократии». Ее основой был город античного типа (полис), а основным звеном государственного управления – местное городское самоуправление.
Римские императоры и наместники провинций не могли управлять государством без добровольного сотрудничества с ними местных городских элит. Поэтому они выступали в двойственной роли: и как представители центральной власти, и как защитники и гаранты интересов полиса и полисной системы ценностей. Это хорошо видно на примере поведения и деятельности наместников провинций в эпоху Ранней империи (I–III вв. н.э.), которые нередко уподоблялись городским магистратам и политикам.
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