DOI 10.35549/HR.2017.2017.34959
Махлаюк А.В. «Что скажет о нас история?..» О некоторых аспектах и мотивах мемориальной политики Октавиана Августа // Исторический вестник. 2017. Т. ХIХ. С. 170—225.
Makhlayuk A.V. "What will history say about us?.." On some aspects and motives of the memorial policy of Octavian Augustus [Chto skazhet o nas istoriya?.. O nekotoryh aspektah i motivah memorial'noj politiki Oktaviana Avgusta]. Istoricheskij vestnik / Historical Reporter. 2017. Vol. 19. P. 170–225.
Key Words: Octavian Augustus, Principate, Historical Memory, Politics of Memory, Historical Politics, "Acts of divine Augustus".
Ключевые слова: Октавиан Август, принципат, историческая память, политика памяти, историческая политика, «Деяния божественного Августа».
Abstract
The article deals with the purposes and means of the memory policy implemented by Octavian Augustus. He was guided by both his personal inclinations and subjective political considerations, as well as by the necessity of legitimizing and validation of his one-man rule. The article’s focus is upon the content and ways of the formation of the historical image Augustus sought to develop in the memory of future generations. There is a polymorphism of this image, which acquired various features depending on the means of its representation and the target audience. Analysis of sources show that Augustus very zealously censored the memory of the civil wars and his own path to power; meanwhile, he calculatedly used the images of the ancient republican past, having formed, in fact, his new vision of that past, corresponding to the tasks of legitimizing the new regime, which, in the perception of most contemporaries and subsequent generations, simultaneously appeared as a fairly radical break with the previous age, and as its logical continuation or even as the restoration of an idealized past. Augustus also strove to «stylise» himself as one of the heroes of Roman antiquity but, at the same time, aspired to remain in the memory of generations as the true savior of the fatherland and the creator of the new governmental order.
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются цели и средства политики памяти, реализуемой Октавианом Августом. Он руководствовался как личными склонностями, так и субъективными политическими соображениями, а также необходимостью узаконить и утвердить свое единоличное правление. Основное внимание в статье уделяется содержанию и способам формирования исторического образа Августа в памяти будущих поколений. Существует полиморфизм этого образа, который приобрел различные черты в зависимости от средств его представления и целевой аудитории. Анализ источников показывает, что Август очень рьяно подвергал цензуре память о гражданских войнах и свой собственный путь к власти; между тем он расчетливо использовал образы древнего республиканского прошлого, сформировав, по сути, свое новое видение этого прошлого, соответствующее задачам легитимации нового режима, которое, в восприятии большинства современников и последующих поколений, одновременно выступало и как довольно радикальный разрыв с предыдущей эпохой, и как ее логическое продолжение, и даже как восстановление идеализированного прошлого. Август также стремился "стилизовать" себя как одного из героев римской античности, но в то же время стремился остаться в памяти поколений как истинный спаситель Отечества и создатель нового государственного строя.
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