Рудаков В.Н. Память о двух битвах эпохи Батыева нашествия

Рудаков В.Н. Память о двух битвах эпохи Батыева нашествия // Исторический вестник. 2023. Т. XLV. С. 66.

Аннотация

Статья посвящена исторической памяти о двух сражениях эпохи нашествия Батыя на Северо-Восточную Русь – под Коломной и на реке Сити. В работе решается вопрос о том, почему подлинный герой сопротивления завоевателям – рязанский князь Роман Ингваревич и сражение под Коломной, в ходе которого монголам был нанесен внушительный урон, почти не запечатлелись в исторической памяти. Но при этом бой на реке Сити, история которой крайне туманно изложена в источниках, наоборот, стал одним из символов сопротивления монголам, а ее участник – великий князь владимирский Юрий Всеволодович, поступки которого в период нашествия Батыя были крайне противоречивы, остался в памяти потомков как едва ли не главный борец с захватчиками. Автор приходит к выводу, что подобная трактовка в свое время оказалась востребована составителем рассказа Лаврентьевской летописи, намеренно рассказывавшим о «своих» князьях в наиболее благоприятном для их памяти виде и умалчивавшим о «чужих». Впоследствии версия именно этой летописи легла в основу более поздних рассказов о событиях эпохи нашествия.

Ключевые слова: великий князь Юрий Всеволодович Владимирский, рязанский князь Роман Ингваревич, нашествие Батыя, сражение под Коломной, битва на реке Сити, историческая память.

Рудаков Владимир Николаевич – кандидат филологических наук, главный редактор журнала «Историк».

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Rudakov V.N. The Memory of the Two Battles of the Batu’s Invasion Epoch // Historical Reporter. 2023. Vol. 45. P. 66.

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the historical memory of two battles of Batu's invasion to the northeastern Russia epoch – near Kolomna and on the Sit River.

Why the true hero of resistance, Ryazan Prince Roman Ingvarevich and the battle of Kolomna, during which the Mongols suffered impressive damage, were not imprinted in historical memory? The article gives answer to that question.

At the same time, the battle on the Sit River, the history of which is rather hazy described in the sources, became one of the symbols of the resistance against the Mongols, and its participant – the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, whose actions during the Batu's invasion were extremely contradictory, remained in the memory of descendants as almost the main fighter against the invaders.

The author comes to a conclusion that such a depiction of the events had been much affected by personal demands of the compiler of the Laurentian Chronicle, who deliberately told about «his» princes in the most favourable form and kept silent about «strangers». Subsequently, the version of this particular chronicle formed the basis for later stories about the events of the invasion epoch.

Key words: Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir, Prince Roman Ingvarevich of Ryazan, Invasion of Batu, Battle of the Sit River, the Battle of Kolomna, Historic Memory.

Vladimir N. Rudakov — Ph.D. in Philology, Editor-in-Chief of the «Historian».

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