Орлов В.В. «Неуклонно стоять на страже Гибралтарского пролива...»: В.Р. Бахерахт и военно-морское присутствие России в Марокко в XIX — начале ХХ в.

Орлов В.В. «Неуклонно стоять на страже Гибралтарского пролива...»: В.Р. Бахерахт и военно-морское присутствие России в Марокко в XIX — начале ХХ в. // Исторический вестник. 2023. Т. XLVI. Ч. 2. С. 272–297.

Аннотация

В статье предложена историческая ретроспектива взаимосвязей между Российским Императорским флотом и Марокко на протяжении XVIII – начала XX в. Показаны характерные черты российско-марокканских контактов в свете событий, происходивших в средиземноморском регионе во время Архипелагской экспедиции Российского флота 1769–1775 гг. Рассматриваются исторические и культурные предпосылки подготовки российско-марокканского мирного договора в 80-х гг. XVIII в., а также до сих пор не проясненный окончательно вопрос о его существовании. Автор прослеживает основные задачи российской военно-морской стратегии и тактики в конце XIX – начале XX в. и доказывает, что значение марокканских гаваней для российских кораблей существенно возросло с созданием тихоокеанской группировки российского флота и открытием Суэцкого канала в 1869 г. Особое внимание уделено анализу многогранной деятельности в Марокко министра-резидента и генерального консула Российской империи В.Р. Бахерахта (1851–1916) в контексте посещения российскими боевыми кораблями Танжерского порта. Исследованы происхождение рода Бахерахтов и этапы карьеры российского дипломата. Рассмотрены детали российско-марокканских дипломатических взаимоотношений в период, предшествовавший Русско-японской войне 1904–1905 гг.

Ключевые слова: Архипелагская экспедиция, Российский Императорский флот, Екатерина II, Сиди Мухаммад бен Абдаллах, В.Р. Бахерахт, Танжер, российско-марокканские отношения.

Орлов Владимир Викторович — доктор исторических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока, Институт стран Азии и Африки МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова (ИСАА МГУ).

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Orlov V.V. «To Stand Steadfastly on Guard of the Strait of Gibraltar...»: V.R. Bacheracht and the Naval Presence of Russia in Morocco in the 19th – early 20th Century // Historical Reporter. 2023. Vol. 46. P. 2. P. 272–297.

Abstract

The article offers a historical retrospective of the relationship between the Russian Imperial Navy and Morocco during the XVIII – early XX century. The characteristic features of Russian-Moroccan contacts are shown in the light of the events that took place in the Mediterranean region during the Archipelago expedition of the Russian Navy of 1769–1775. The historical and cultural prerequisites for the preparation of the Russian-Moroccan peace treaty in the 80s of the XVIII century, as well as the question of its existence, which has not yet been clarified definitively, are considered. The author traces the main tasks of the Russian naval strategy and tactics in the late XIX – early XX century and proves that the importance of Moroccan harbors for Russian ships has increased significantly with the creation of the Pacific grouping of the Russian Navy and the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the multifaceted activities of the Resident Minister and Consul General of the Russian Empire V.R. Bacheracht (1851–1916) in Morocco in the context of visits by Russian warships to the port of Tangier. The origin of the Bacheracht family and the stages of the career of a Russian diplomat are investigated. The details of the Russian-Moroccan diplomatic relations in the period preceding the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 are also considered.

Key words: the Archipelago Expedition, Russian Imperial Navy, Catherine II, Sidi Muhammad ben Abdallah, Vasiliy Romanovich Baherakht, Tangier, Russian-Moroccan relations.

Vladimir V. Orlov — D.Sc. (History), Professor, Department of Middle and Near East Studies, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Moscow State Universtity.

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