Мишин Д.Е. Взаимное восприятие арабов и персов в доисламскую эпоху

Мишин Д. Е. Взаимное восприятие арабов и персов в доисламскую эпоху // Исторический вестник. 2022. Т. XLI. С. 134–153.

Аннотация

Статья представляет собой попытку воссоздать представления арабов и персов друг о друге незадолго до мусульманского завоевания Ирана. Судя по сообщениям источников, в представлениях персов арабы были людьми с периферии цивилизации – бедными, чуждыми утонченной культуре, но одновременно сильными и расторопными от природы. Среди арабов, как показывает один стих Дурайда ибн ас-Симмы, бытовали представления о персах как о людях богатых, но изнеженных от жизни в достатке и слабых на поле боя. Такая реконструкция очень близка к рассуждениям Ибн Халдуна о кочевом и оседлом населении. Очевидно, указанные представления арабов и персов друг о друге следует рассматривать именно в этом контексте, как частный случай взаимного восприятия оседлых и кочевников. Кроме того, определенное воздействие на взаимное восприятие арабов и персов должны были оказывать и их религиозные воззрения. Источники не сохранили сведений об этом, но можно предполагать, что приверженцы традиционных арабских верований, основанных на почитании идолов, встречали осуждение со стороны зороастрийцев, религия которых отвергала идолопоклонство.

Ключевые слова: арабы, доисламская Аравия, Сасаниды, Лахмиды.

Мишин Дмитрий Евгеньевич – кандидат исторических наук, Старший научный сотрудник Института востоковедения Российской Академии Наук.

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Mishin D. E. Mutual Perception of Persians and Arabs in the Pre-Islamic Era // Historical Reporter. 2022. Vol. 41. P. 134–153.

Abstract

This article is an attempt to re-construct the Arabs’ and Persians’ perception of each other not long before the Islamic conquest of Iran. The extant sources appear to show that Arabs were, as seen by the Persians’, people from the margins of the civilized world, poor and alien to the refined urban culture, but strong and quick by nature. Among the Arabs, as a verse by Durayd Ibn al-Ṣimma shows, there was an image of Persians as of rich people, effeminate and weak on the battlefield. This re-construction is close to Ibn Khaldūn’s observations on sedentary population and nomads. The images of Arabs and Persians as presented above represent a particular case of how sedentary and nomadic populations viewed each other. Besides, the formation of the images is likely to have been affected by religious ideas held by the two nations. No documentary evidence could be found, but it is likely that Iranian Zoroastrians who rejected idolatry disapproved of traditional Arabic idol-worshipping beliefs and their adepts.

Keywords: Arabs, pre-Islamic Arabia, Sasanids, Lakhmids.

Dmitry E. Mishin – C.Sc. (History), Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.

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