Мишин Д.Е. После Лахмидов: политика Сасанидов по отношению к арабам приевфратского региона в первой трети VII в.

Мишин Д. Е. После Лахмидов: политика Сасанидов по отношению к арабам приевфратского региона в первой трети VII в. // Исторический вестник. 2022. Т. XLII. С. 102–129.

Аннотация

Статья представляет собой анализ политики Сасанидов в областях нижнего течения Евфрата, пограничных между их владениями и Аравией, в первой трети VII в. В начале этого периода в системе управления произошли значительные изменения: сасанидский царь Хосров II Парвиз (591–628), утратив доверие к арабским правителям и вождям, упразднил государство Лахмидов и назначил иранских наместников. По данным источников хронологию правления наместников Хиры можно реконструировать следующим образом: Нахварган – 602–611 (9 лет), Азад-вех – 611–628 (17 лет). Нахварган почти не находился в Хире, вероятно, будучи задействован в ведении войны с Византией. Азад-вех, напротив, пребывал в Хире, где его резиденцией был Каср бани Букайла. В начале 628 г. он в связи со свержением Хосрова на время покинул Хиру (что отразилось в хирских записях как окончание его правления), однако впоследствии вернулся и управлял ею до мусульманского завоевания в 633 г. Решительные действия Хосрова и его наместников привели к прекращению набегов арабов и подчинению племени бану Шайбан, ранее одержавших победу над персами при зу Каре (602 г.), власти Сасанидов. В то же время на более низком уровне некоторые знатные арабские роды Хиры сохранили свои позиции.

Ключевые слова: арабы, доисламская Аравия, Сасаниды, Хира.

Мишин Дмитрий Евгеньевич – кандидат исторических наук, cтарший научный сотрудник Института востоковедения Российской академии наук.

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Mishin D. E. After the Lakhmids: Sassanid Politics towards the Arabs of the Lower Euphrates region in the First Third of the 7th с. // Historical Reporter. 2022. Vol. 42. P. 102–129.

Abstract

This article is a study of the Sassanids’ politics in the regions of the lower course of Euphrates, a border between their possessions and Arabia, in the first third of the 7th c. The beginning of that period was the time of significant changes as Sassanid King Khusraw II Abarwēz (591–628), having lost confidence in Arab rulers and chieftains, abolished the Lakhmid state and appointed Iranian governors. The extant data in the historical sources allow to re-construct the chronology of the governors’ rule in Hira as follows: Nakhwargān – 602–611 (9 years), Āzādwēh – 611–628 (17 years). Nakhwargān was almost never present in Hira, probably being engaged in the war against Byzantium. Āzād-wēh, on the contrary, stayed in Hira where his residence was at K. as. r banī Bukayla. At the beginning of 628 he left Hira for a period in connection with the overthrow of Khusraw, which was presented in the annals of Hira as the end of his governorship, but later returned there and ruled until the Muslim conquest in 633. Drastic measures taken by Khusraw and his governors resulted in the cessation of Arab attacks and the submission of the Banū Shaybān tribe (which had previously won the famous battle of dhū K. ār in 602) to the Sassanids. However, on the lower level several noble Arab families of Hira preserved their positions.

Key words: Arabs, pre-Islamic Arabia, Sassanids, Hira.

Mishin Dmitry E. – Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.Senior Research Fellow.

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