Миронюк С.А. Британская политика интервенции в России (ноябрь 1917 г. – декабрь 1919 г.) как фактор Гражданской войны: этапы и особенности

Миронюк С.А. Британская политика интервенции в России (ноябрь 1917 г. – декабрь 1919 г.) как фактор Гражданской войны: этапы и особенности // Исторический вестник. 2024. Т. XLVII. С. 318–381.

Аннотация

Настоящая статья посвящена важной проблеме изучения Гражданской войны в России: британской политике интервенции в России (ноябрь 1917 – декабрь 1919) как ее фактора. Для определения сущности этого фактора, его основных характеристик, механизмов и направлений действия, а также степени влияния на ход Гражданской войны выделяются и анализируются этапы и особенности вмешательства Соединенного Королевства во внутренние российские дела.

В этих рамках был привлечен большой комплекс письменных исторических источников отечественного и зарубежного происхождения. В него входят как неопубликованные документы, хранящиеся в Национальном архиве Соединенного Королевства, Российском государственном архиве социально-политической истории и Государственном архиве Российской Федерации, так и опубликованные: нормативно-правовые и законодательные акты Советской России, Великобритании и Антанты, а также документы личного происхождения современников и участников событий. Большинство архивных документов, главным образом британских, вводится в научный оборот в отечественной историографии впервые.

В статье особое внимание уделяется мотивации и целеполаганию Великобритании в данной операции на каждом ее этапе, а также формам и масштабам вмешательства. Наряду с этим выявляются взгляды представителей высшего политического руководства Соединенного Королевства на вопросы интервенции в России с определением причин, повлиявших на специфику и переменчивость их подходов.

Настоящая статья представляет целостное исследование британской политики интервенции в России как фактора Гражданской войны в России в его динамике и логике, а также с введением и обоснованием периодизации, включая раскрытие специфики этого внешнеполитического курса на его разных этапах.

Ключевые слова: Первая мировая война, Гражданская война в России, британская политика интервенции в России, Великобритания, Военный кабинет, Д. Ллойд Джордж.

Миронюк Сергей Алексеевич – кандидат исторических наук, ассистент кафедры истории Института экономики и управления АПК, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева» (Москва, Россия).

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Mironiuk S.A. British Intervention Policy in Russia (November 1917 – December 1919) as a Factor of the Civil War: Stages and Features // Historical Reporter. 2024. Vol. 47. P. 318–381.

Abstract

This article is devoted to an important problem in study of the Civil War in Russia: the British intervention policy in Russia (November 1917 – December 1919) as its factor. In order to determine the essence of this factor, its main characteristics, mechanisms and directions of affection, as well as the degree of influence on the dynamics of the Civil War, the stages and features of United Kingdom’s intervention in the internal Russian affairs are separated out and analyzed.

Within this framework, a large complex of domestic and foreign origin’s written historical sources was involved. It includes unpublished documents stored in the National Archives of the United Kingdom, the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as published. The latter includes both regulatory legal and legislative acts of Soviet Russia, Great Britain and the Entente, and personal origin’s documents of contemporaries and participants of the events. Most archival documents, primarily British, are introduced into scientific circulation in the domestic historiography for the first time.

The article pays special attention to the motivation and goal-setting of Great Britain in this operation at each stage, as well as the forms and scale of intervention. Along with this, the views of representatives of United Kingdom’s upper political leadership on the issues of intervention in Russia are revealed, with the determination of the reasons that influenced the specifics and variability of their approaches.

This article presents a holistic study of British intervention policy in Russia as the factor of the Civil War in Russia in its dynamics and logic, as well as with the introduction and justification of periodization, including the disclosure of the specifics of this foreign policy course at its different stages.

Key Words: World War I, Civil War in Russia, British Intervention Policy in Russia, Great Britain, War Cabinet, David Lloyd George.

Sergey A. Mironyuk – Ph.D. in History, Assistant Professor of the Department of History of Russian Timiryazev State Agricultural University (Moscow, Russia).

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