Кобищанов Ю.М. Теория большой феодальной формации

Кобищанов Ю. М. Теория большой феодальной формации // Исторический вестник. 2022. Т. XLI. С. 168–199.

В статье излагается теория большой феодальной формации, сформулированная историком и этнологом Ю.М. Кобищановым в 50–60-е гг. ХХ в. В рамках данной концепции переосмыслению подвергаются такие фундаментальные исторические феномены как «феодализм»; эволюция цивилизаций и протоцивилизаций; типы и подтипы личности феодальной формации, включая протокрестьян, классических и кастовых крестьян; условно-крупное и мелконатуральное производство, являвшееся основной ячейкой производительных сил феодализма; несопоставимость понятий «собственность» и «отношения владения»; взаимосвязь различных видов внеэкономического принуждения (государственного, общинно-кастового и духовного). Статья была впервые опубликована в 1992 г. в журнале «Вопросы истории» и переиздается в связи с уходом из жизни ее автора 29 июля 2022 г.

Ключевые слова: Ю.М. Кобищанов, феодализм, теория большой феодальной формации, крестьянство, отношения владения, виды внеэкономического принуждения.

Кобищанов Юрий Михайлович (1934–2022) – доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник Института Африки РАН.

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Kobishchanov Y. M. The Theory of the Great Feudal Formation // Historical Reporter. 2022. Vol. 41. P. 168–199.

Аннотация

Abstract

The article presents the theory of the Great Feudal Formation formulated by the historian and ethnologist Yuri M. Kobishchanov in the 50–60th years of the XX century. Within the framework of this concept, such fundamental historical phenomena as «feudalism»; the evolution of civilizations and proto-civilizations; types and subtypes of the personality of the feudal formation, including protopeasants, classical and caste peasants; conditionally large-scale and small scale natural production, which is the main cell of the productive forces of feudalism; the incompatibility of the concepts of «property» and «ownership relations»; the interrelation of various types of non-economic coercion (state, community-caste and spiritual ones) are being reinterpreted.

Keywords: Yuri M. Kobishchanov, feudalism, the theory of the Great Feudal formation, peasantry, ownership relations, types of non-economic coercion.

Yuri M. Kobishchanov – D.Sc. (History), Chief Researcher at the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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