Киселев А.Л. Фальшивые денежные знаки российского правительства адмирала А.В. Колчака: в контексте сибирской и дальневосточной прессы
Киселев А.Л. Фальшивые денежные знаки российского правительства адмирала А.В. Колчака: в контексте сибирской и дальневосточной прессы // Исторический вестник. 2025. Т. LI. С. 60–83.
Аннотация
В работе предпринята попытка проанализировать мероприятия Министерства финансов и Государственного банка Российского правительства адмирала А.В. Колчака, направленные на сокрытие в 1919 г. факта наличия в денежном обращении большого количества фальшивых денег. Цель исследования – изучить на основе периодической печати обозначенный аспект, не нашедший отражения в отечественной историографии. Теоретическая основа работы – сочетание историко-генетического, хронологического методов и контент-анализа. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что данная фальсификация «омской» власти преследовала цели сохранения престижа денежной эмиссии, показывая разрозненность взглядов на происходящие события внутри антибольшевистского блока на востоке России.
Проведен анализ вмешательства сторонних сил в указанную проблему.
Ключевые слова: Гражданская война, денежное обращение, финансы, фальшивомонетничество, краткосрочные обязательства государственного казначейства, слухи, пресса, интервенция, иностранные банки.
Киселев Андрей Леонидович – кандидат исторических наук, кафедра российской и всеобщей истории Сахалинского государственного университета (г. Южно-Сахалинск, Россия).
SPIN-код: 5135-6999, AuthorID: 1114599
ORCID 0000-0002-2845-4157
***
Kiselev A.L. Counterfeit banknotes under admiral A.V. Kolchak’s Russian government, as covered by Siberian and far eastern press // Historical Reporter. 2025. Vol. 51. P. 60–83.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the measures taken by the Ministry of Finance and the State bank under Russian Government instituted by Admiral A. V. Kolchak in 1919 to conceal the widespread circulation of counterfeit money. Our research aims to examine this previously unexplored aspect of domestic historiography through the study of contemporary periodicals. The study employs a theoretical framework combining the methods historical genetics and chronology with content analysis. The author concludes that this deception by the Omsk authorities aimed to maintain the credibility of their currency, revealing the contradictory perception of ongoing events within the anti-Bolshevik bloc in eastern Russia.
The study also examines how external forces intervened in this matter.
Keywords: Civil War, Monetary Circulation, Finance, Counterfeiting, Short-Term State Treasury Bonds, Rumors, Press, Intervention, Foreign Banks
Andrey L. Kiselev — Ph.D. in History, Department of Russian and World History, Sakhalin State University (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia).
REFERENCES
1. Aksenov V.B. Rumors, images, emotions. Mass sentiments of Russians during the war and revolution (1914–1918) [Slukhi, obrazy, emotsii. Massovye nastroeniya rossiyan v gody voyny i revolyutsii (1914–1918)]. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2020. 992 p. (in Russian).
2. Baranov A.G. The fight against counterfeiters in Kolchak’s Russia [Bor’ba s fal’shivomonetchikami v kolchakovskoy Rossii] // Trudy MGGU Pravitel’stva Moskvy. 2005. Vol. 6. P. 40–59 (in Russian).
3. Gagkuev R.G. Today we need to talk about the Civil War with restraint, without the desire to take sides... [Rasskazyvat’ segodnya o Grazhdanskoy voyne nuzhno sderzhanno, bez stremleniya vzyat’ chyu-to storonu…] // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series «Society. Story. Modernity» [Omskiy nauchnyi vestnik. Seriya «Obshchestvo. Istoriya. Sovremennost’». 2024. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 6–12 (in Russian).
4. Kiselev A.L. Some signs of falsification of short-term obligations of the Russian provisional government of Admiral A.V. Kolchak [Nekotorye priznaki poddelki kratkosrochnykh obyazatel’stv Rossiyskogo vremennogo pravitel’stva admirala A.V. Kolchaka] // St. Petersburg collector [Peterburgskiy kollektsioner (Sankt-Peterburg)]. 2024. № 1(131). P. 17 (in Russian).
5. Kiselev A.L. Issuance of checks by the Vladivostok branch of the State Bank in 1920 [Emissiya chekov Vladivostokskim otdeleniem Gosudarstvennogo banka v 1920 godu] // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series «Society. Story. Modernity» [Omskiy nauchnyi vestnik. Seriya «Obshchestvo. Istoriya. Sovremennost’»]. 2022. Vol. 7. № 3. Р. 40–48 (in Russian).
6. Kiselev A.L. Political non-recognition of the Government of Admiral A.V. Kolchak as a basis for acquittal in court: The story of one group of counterfeiters [Politicheskaya nepriznannost’ Pravitel’stva Admirala A.V. Kolchaka, kak osnovanie dlya opravdaniya v sude: istoriya odnoy gruppy fal’shivomonetchikov] // XXII All-Russian Numismatic Conference: Abstracts of reports and communications (Smolensk, May 22–26, 2023) [XXII Vserossiyskaya numizmaticheskaya konferentsiya: Tezisy dokladov i soobshcheniy (g. Smolensk, 22–26 maya 2023 g.)] / Tech. ed. by Zaharov E.V. Smolensk: Izd. dom P.I. Kopyl’tsova, 2023. P. 252–255 (in Russian).
7. About counterfeit treasury signs. Echo. Vladivostok. 1919. June 15 [O poddel’nykh kaznacheyskikh znakakh. Ekho. Vladivostok. 1919. 15 iyunya] // Financial policy and monetary circulation in Siberia. 1917–1920. Documents of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region: Collection. documents [Finansovaya politika i denezhnoe obrashchenie v Sibiri. 1917–1920. Dokumenty Istoricheskogo arkhiva Omskoy oblasti: Sb. dokumentov]. Omsk: Amfora, 2014. P. 115 (in Russian).
8. Petin D.I. Monetary emission policy of the Soviet government and anti-Bolshevik regimes in Siberia (October 1917 – November 1920): Diss. … cand. hist. sci. [Denezhno-emissionnaya politika sovetskoy vlasti i antibol’shevistskikh rezhimov v Sibiri (oktyabr’ 1917 – noyabr’ 1920 g.): dis. … kand. ist. nauk]. Barnaul, 2011. 293 p. (in Russian).
9. Petin D.I. Book understanding of the history of Russian paper money [Knizhnoe osmyslenie istorii rossiyskikh bumazhnykh deneg] // News of Laboratories of Ancient Technologies [Izvestiya Laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologiy]. 2023. Vol. 19. № 3. P. 182–187 (in Russian).
10. Petin D.I. Counterfeiting during the Civil War (using the example of banknotes of the Omsk government of A.V. Kolchak) Fal’shivomonetchestvo v period Grazhdanskoy voyny (na primere denezhnykh znakov Omskogo pravitel’stva A.V. Kolchaka) // International legal readings: Materials annually. scientific-practical conf. (Omsk, May 22, 2009) [Mezhdunarodnye yuridicheskie chteniya: materialy ezhegodn. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Omsk, 22 maya 2009 g.)]. Omsk: Omskiy yuredicheskiy Institut, 2009. Ch. 1. P. 70–74 (in Russian).
11. Petin D.I. False short-term obligations of the state treasury of the government of A.V. Kolchak: A source study approach to the study of paper banknotes [Fal’shivye kratkosrochnye obyazatel’stva gosudarstvennogo kaznacheystva pravitel’stva A.V. Kolchaka: istochnikovedcheskiy podkhod v izuchenii bumazhnykh denezhnykh znakov] // Bulletin of Tyumen State University. Humanities studies. Humanities [Vestnik Tyumenskogo Gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya. Humanitates]. 2010. № 1. P. 79–84 (in Russian).
12. Petin D.I. False short-term obligations of the state treasury of the government of A.V. Kolchak as a source on the history of monetary circulation during the civil war in Siberia [Fal’shivye kratkosrochnye obyazatel’stva gosudarstvennogo kaznacheystva pravitel’stva A.V. Kolchaka kak istochnik po istorii denezhnogo obrashcheniya v period grazhdanskoy voyny v Sibiri] // News of the Omsk State History and Local Lore Museum [Izvestiya Omskogo Gosudarstvennogo istoriko-kraevedcheskogo muzeya]. 2009. № 15. P. 43–47 (in Russian).
13. Pogrebeckiy A.I. Currency circulation and banknotes of the Far East during the period of war and revolution (1914–1924) [Denezhnoe obrashchenie i denezhnye znaki Dal’nego Vostoka za period voyny i revolyutsii (1914–1924 gg.)]. Kharbin: Obshchestvo izucheniya Man’chzhurskogo kraya, 1924. 419 p. (in Russian).
14. Rynkov V.M. Financial policy of the anti-Bolshevik governments of the East of Russia (second half of 1918 – early 1920s): Monography [Finansovaya politika antibol’shevistskikh pravitel’stv Vostoka Rossii (vtoraya polovina 1918 – nach. 1920 gg.): monogr.]. Novosibirsk: Institut istorii SO RAN, 2006. 212 p. (in Russian).
15. Stel’mak M.M., Petin D.I. «He satisfied his ambition under Kolchak»: Finance Minister I.A. Mikhaylov in the assessments of his contemporaries [«On nasytil svoe chestolyubie pri Kolchake»: ministr finansov I.A. Mikhaylov v otsenkakh sovremennikov] // Historical Reporter [Istoricheskiy vestnik]. 2022. Vol. XLII. P. 36–61 (in Russian).
16. Financial policy and monetary circulation in Siberia. 1917–1920: Documents of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region: Collection of reports [Finansovaya politika i denezhnoe obrashchenie v Sibiri. 1917–1920: dokumenty Istoricheskogo arkhiva Omskoy oblasti: Sb. Dokl.] / Comp., sci. ed. by Petin D.I.; introd. remark by Sushko A.V. Omsk: Amfora, 2014. 224 p. (in Russian).
17. Khodyakov M.V. Money of the Revolution and Civil War 1917–1920 [Den’gi revolyutsii i Grazhdanskoy voyny 1917–1920 gody]. St. Petersburg: izd-vo St.-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 2019. 312 p. (in Russian).