Содержание

Хедда Райндл-Киль. Статус, награда и роскошь: некоторые заметки по материальному обмену между Россией и Османской империей



Хедда Райндл-Киль. Статус, награда и роскошь: некоторые заметки по материальному обмену между Россией и Османской империей // Исторический вестник. 2019. Т. ХXХ. С. 80—111. DOI: 10.35549/HR.2020.20.13.003

Hedda Reindl-Kiel. Status, Honor and Luxuries: Some Remarks on Material Exchange between Russia and the Ottoman Empire [Status, nagrada i roskosh': nekotorye zametki po material'nomu obmenu mezhdu Rossiej i Osmanskoj imperiej]. Istoricheskij vestnik / Historical Reporter. Vol. 30. 2019. P. 80—111. DOI: 10.35549/HR.2020.20.13.003


Ключевые слова: материальная культура, мантии за заслуги, дипломатические подарки, собольи меха, моржовые бивни, шатры.

Keywords: Material culture; robes of honour; diplomatic gifts; sable fur; walrus tusks; tents.


Abstract

The motivation of the Ottoman sultans to commence and to keep diplomatic contacts with Muscovy was largely due to their demand for luxury commodities such as sable fur and walrus tusks. The royal court used furs as clear status markers, particularly when bestowing robes of honour upon dignitaries. This feature allows glimpses into the deeply hierarchical structure of Ottoman society, which had only little formal divisions. Moreover, the royal palace used sable fur in a similar function as precious stones in decorating the setting when receiving foreign diplomats.

Imports from the Ottoman Empire to Russia are not documented in the Turkish archives. The same is true for diplomatic gifts from the Ottoman court to Moscow. Only from the 18th century onwards gift packages to the court of St. Petersburg are recorded, indicating Russia’s political position as a European global player in the view of the Porte.


Аннотация

Одной из причин инициации и поддержания дипломатических контактов с Московией для Османских султанов было желание обладать определенными предметами роскоши — собольими мехами и моржовыми бивнями. При дворе меха служили маркерами статуса, особенно если мантии вручались первыми лицами как награда за какие-либо заслуги. Более того когда во дворце готовили покои к приему иностранных дипломатов, собольи меха использовались в качестве украшения интерьера, как и драгоценные камням.

В Турецких архивах нет документов об импорте товаров из Османской империи в Россию, дипломатические подарки Османского двора Московии также документально не зафиксированы. Только начиная с XVIII в. велась запись подарков-подношений ко двору в Санкт-Петербурге. Согласно этим документам Россия воспринималась Османской империей в качестве значимого политического игрока.


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