Исхаков С.М. Политэмигранты-мусульмане Кавказа, Крыма, Поволжья, Урала, Центральной Азии в Европе (1918 г. — конец 1930-х гг.)

Исхаков С. М. Политэмигранты-мусульмане Кавказа, Крыма, Поволжья, Урала, Центральной Азии в Европе (1918 г. — конец 1930-х гг.) // Исторический вестник. 2021. Т. ХXХVIIII. С. 146–187.

Аннотация

Статья посвящена борьбе политэмигрантов-мусульман Кавказа, Крыма, Поволжья, Урала, Центральной Азии в Европе за самоопределение мусульманских народов в межвоенный период, которая получила различные трактовки в современной историографии и находится под сильным влиянием политической конъюнктуры и пропаганды. Из приведенных фактов следует, что национальная политика Кремля в этот период была, по сути, чуждой, в отношении интересов и устремлений этих народов, что позволило прометейской политологии сделать вывод, что в полиэтничном советском обществе рано или поздно произойдут глубинные изменения, которые разрушат изнутри Советский Союз.

Ключевые слова: Кавказ, Крым, Поволжье, Урал, Центральная Азия, мусульманское политэмигрантское движение, Г. Бамматов, А.-З. Валидов, Г. Исхаков, С.-А. Лапин, С. Максудов, М.Э. Расулзаде, Дж. Сейдамет, А.М. Топчибашев, А.Цаликов, М. Чокаев, С. Шамиль.

Исхаков Салават Мидхатович – доктор исторических наук, заместитель председателя Секции «История социальных реформ, движений и революций» Научного совета РАН по фундаментальным вопросам российской и зарубежной истории.

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Iskhakov S. M. Political Emigration of Muslims from the Caucasus, Crimea, Volga Region, the Urals and Central Asia to Europe (1918–late 1930s) // Historical Reporter. Vol. 39. 2021. P. 146–187.

Abstract

The paper focuses on the struggle for self-determination that Muslims, who migrated to Europe from the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Volga region, the Urals and Central Asia underwent in the interwar period. The accounts and interpretations of this struggle vary widely in modern historiography, being subject to biases, propaganda and political factor. The provided evidence suggests that the national policy of the Soviet Union during the interwar period was fundamentally contradictory to the interests and desires of these peoples. This allowed the political minds of the Promethean Movement to conclude that the multi-ethnic Soviet society would undergo profound changes, which would destroy the USSR from within.

Keywords: Caucasus, Crimea, Volga Region, The Urals, Central Asia, Political emigration of Muslims, Haïdar Bammate, Ahmet Zeki Velidi Togan, G. Iskhakov, Sherali Lapin, Sadri Maksudi Arsal, Mahammad Amin Rasulzade, Cafer Seydahmet Kırımer, Alimardan bey Topchubashov, Akhmed Tsalikov, Mustafa Shokay, Said Shamil.

Salavat M. Iskhakov – Doctor of Historical Sciences (Dr. habil.), Deputy Chairman of the History of Social Reforms, Movements and Revolutions Bureau of the Research Council on Fundamental Issues of Russian and Foreign History at the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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