Горский А.А. Александр Невский как исторический деятель: спорные проблемы

Горский А. А. Александр Невский как исторический деятель: спорные проблемы // Исторический вестник. 2021. Т. ХXХV. С. 10–27.

Аннотация

В статье рассматриваются события из биографии Александра Невского, оценка которых вызывает споры в исторической науке и публицистике. Это значение наиболее известных побед князя – на Неве над шведами и на Чудском озере над немецкими крестоносцами, а также отношения Александра с монгольскими завоевателями. Показано, что военные конфликты 1240-1242 гг. носили экстраординарный характер. Отношения зависимости русских земель от Чингисидов были установлены до того, как Александр стал играть ведущую политическую роль на Руси. Распространенный тезис о судьбоносном цивилизационном выборе между «Западом» и «Востоком», якобы сделанным Александром, научной основы под собой не имеет: реальной альтернативы подобного рода в ту эпоху не стояло.

Ключевые слова: Александр Невский, Невская битва, Ледовое побоище, Монгольская империя.

Горский Антон Анатольевич – доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник Института российской истории РАН, профессор исторического факультета МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова.

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Gorsky A. A. Alexander Nevsky as a Historic Personality: Controversial Problems // Historical Reporter. Vol. 35. 2021. P. 10–27.

Abstract

The article covers controversial facts in the life of Alexander Nevsky in historical studies and journalism. These include the importance of the greatest military victories by Prince Alexander, in the Battle on the Neva against the Swedes, and in the Battle on the Ice against the German knights, as well as his relationship with the Mongol invaders. The author displays the uncommon nature of the armed conflicts of 1240–1242. It is believed that Russian lands subordinated to the Genghisians before Alexander Nevsky came to prominence. The popular hypothesis of the crucial choice between «the West» and «the East» allegedly made by Alexander is not evidence-based. Actually, there was no such dilemma at the time.

Keywords: Alexander Nevsky, Battle of the Neva, Battle on the Ice, Mongol Empire.

Anton A. Gorsky – D.Sc. (History), Chief Researcher at the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor at the Faculty of History of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.

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