Г.М Кантор Qui in consilio estis: судебные советники наместников в эпоху Ранней империи
Г.М Кантор Qui in consilio estis: судебные советники наместников в эпоху Ранней империи // Исторический вестник. 2017. Т. ХIХ. С. 50—88.
G.M. Kantor Qui in Consilio Estis: the governor and his advisers in the Early Empire (published in English) [Qui in consilio estis: sudebnye sovetniki namestnikov v epohu rannej imperii]. Istoricheskij vestnik / Historical Reporter. Vol. 19. 2019. P. 50–88.
Key Words: the Late Roman Empire, the Early Roman Empire, Provincial Governors, Ggovernor’s Advisers, Augustus’ Edicts from Cyrene.
Ключевые слова: поздняя Римская Империя, ранняя Римская Империя, губернаторы провинций, советники губернатора, указы Августа из Кирены.
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the literary, legal and documentary evidence of the period of the Late Republic and the Principate on the composition and mandate of judicial advisers of the Roman governors of the province, to the institutionalization and the "bureaucratization" of their role in the third century BC as well As the officials in Rome, governors retain during this period considerable freedom in choosing their advisers. This freedom, however, was limited by the Convention, which required the Council to invite other Roman officials in the province and representatives of the local elite, as well as the reduction of the usual number of Council members in comparison with the Republican period, to about 12 members. This limited the ability of the Governor to use appointments to his Council for political purposes. The Council made it possible to involve local legal expertise, including in matters of local law, but not in all cases the legal advisers of the governors were its full members. Although our sources do not give grounds to consider that the sentence of the Governor were in all cases bound by the recommendation of the Council, some evidence speaks in favor of the assumption that in some provinces (Achaia, Asia, Bithynia) in the period between Principate of Augustus and Trajan, the Council could be replaced in the criminal trial the permanent judicial commissions (quaestiones) on the Roman model, directly attested in edicts August of Cyrenaica.
Аннотация
В данной статье дается обзор литературных, юридических и документальных свидетельств периода Поздней Республики и Принципата о составе и полномочиях судебных советников римских наместников провинции, до институционализации и «бюрократизации» их роли в III в. н. э. Как и должностные лица в самом Риме, наместники сохраняют в этот период значительную свободу в выборе своих советников. Эта свобода, однако, была ограничена конвенцией, требовавшей приглашать в совет других представителей римской власти в провинции и представителей местной элиты, а также сокращением обычной численности совета в сравнении с республиканским периодом, до примерно 12 членов. Это ограничивало возможности наместника использовать назначения в свой совет в политических целях. Совет давал возможность привлекать местную юридическую экспертизу, в т. ч. в вопросах местного права, однако не во всех случаях юридические консультанты наместников были его полноправными членами. Хотя наши источники не дают оснований считать, что приговор наместника был во всех случаях связан рекомендацией совета, ряд свидетельств говорит в пользу предположения, что в ряде провинций (Ахайя, Азия, Вифиния) в период между принципатами Августа и Траяна совет мог заменяться в уголовном судопроизводстве постоянными судебными комиссиями (quaestiones) по римскому образцу, прямо засвидетельствованными в эдиктах Августа из Киренаики.
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