Духанина А.В. Эволюция представлений об исторической составляющей в кратких редакциях Жития Стефана Пермского

Духанина А.В. Эволюция представлений об исторической составляющей в кратких редакциях Жития Стефана Пермского // Исторический вестник. 2023. Т. XLV. С. 114.

Аннотация

Житие Стефана Пермского имеет богатую рукописную и старопечатную традиции, развивавшиеся на протяжении XV–XIX вв. В их основе лежит «Слово» о Стефане, написанное Епифанием Премудрым, вероятно, в начале XV в. Исторический материал Епифаниевской редакции в кратких редакциях предстает в сокращении и может подвергаться изменению. В его отборе и правке каждая редакция индивидуальна, и здесь можно проследить как особенности творческой манеры отдельных книжников, так и некоторые тенденции эволюции агиографического жанра.

Первая проложная редакция, созданная Пахомием Сербом в начале 70-х гг. XV в., отличается крайне малой информативностью, описывая жизнь святого традиционно. Рукописная традиция Жития в XVI в. показывает изменение представлений книжников об исторической составляющей краткого житийного текста. Появляется Вторая Проложная редакция с гораздо большим объемом исторического материала, касающегося личности Стефана. Обращение к русской истории обнаруживается в Особой редакции, где основным историческим персонажем оказывается великий князь Дмитрий Иванович, значимость которого в жизни Стефана подчеркивается даже в ущерб исторической правде. В XVII в. внимание к историческому материалу демонстрирует старопечатная традиция: при подготовке текста Второй Проложной редакции для ее издания в составе Пролога справщики специально редактировали исторические сведения, что находилось в русле общих тенденций правки текстов при подготовке Пролога к печати. Элементы критического подхода к историческому материалу, характерного уже для Нового времени, проявились в творчестве Димитрия Ростовского, который в своей минейной редакции Жития подвергает сомнению некоторые исторические сведения источников и позволяет себе не только исправлять их, но и добавлять новые данные в соответствии со своими знаниями и представлениями.

Ключевые слова: агиография, текстология, Житие Стефана Пермского, Епифаний Премудрый, Пахомий Серб, Пролог, печатный Пролог, Димитрий Ростовский.

Духанина Александра Владимировна – кандидат филологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Института российской истории РАН.

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Dukhanina A.V. The Notion of History: Evolution of Historical Components within Short Editions of the Life of Stephan of Perm (15th century) // Historical Reporter. 2023. Vol. 45. P. 114.

Abstract

The Life of Stephan of Perm has been part of long manuscript and old-printing traditions, which developed in 15th--19th centuries. The Word about Stephan, possibly written by Epiphanius the Wise at the beginning of the 15th century, works as a basis for further editions.The historical material presented by Epiphanius is shortened and undergo alterations within later brief editions. Each further edition is unique: sorting and editing styles mark specifics of each bibliognost, as well as tendencies for further evolution of the hagiographic genre.

The first prologue edition that was created by Pachomius the Serb in early 70-s of the 15th century distinguishes itself with a low information capacity, the text narrates about the life of the Saint in a traditional way. The manuscript hagiographic tradition of the 15th century shows changes in positioning of the historical component by bibliognosts in shorter hagiographic texts. The second prologue edition appears it is more informative, consisting of a larger volume of historical material regarding Saint Stephan’s personality. An appeal to the Russian history is being discovered in the Special edition, in which the main historical character is Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, whose significancy in Stephan’s life is being specified even at the expense of historical truth. In the 17th century the early printing tradition demonstrates special attention to the historical component: during preparation of the text of the Second Prologue’s Redaction for its further publication as part of the Prologue, proofreaders have been intentionally editing historical facts, acting in line with general editing tradition of the time. Elements of critical approach to the historical material could be seen in the New Modern era, in Dmitry Rostovsky’s texts. In his menaion edition of the Hagiography some of the historical facts are questioned and edited, new ones added in adherence to his knowledge and concepts.

Key words: Hagiography, Textual Criticism, Life of St. Stephen of Perm, Epiphanius the Wise, Pachomius the Serb, Prologue, Printed Prologue, Dimitri Rostovsky.

Alexandra V. Dukhanina — Ph.D. in Philology, Senior Researcher at Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences.

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